مات ‘‘كاسترو‘‘ وقد نجا من 600 محاولة اغتيال
أنباء انفو- نجا من أكثر من 600 محاولة اغتيال، وتحدى 11 رئيسا أمريكيا، وواكب أكثر من نصف قرن من التاريخ.. هو فيدل كاسترو “أب الثورة الكوبية” الذي توفي أمس عن عمر ناهز 90 عاما، وكان له 6 وجوه.
الزعيم الكوبي الذي يتساوى عدد محبيه بعدد الذين يكرهونه، كان عدوا شرسا بقدر ما كان يثير إعجاب النساء، كان أحد العمالقة السياسيين للقرن العشرين.
– خبير استراتيجي –
في العام 1959، دخل فيدل كاسترو هافانا منتصرا. فصاحب اللحية السوداء والبزة العسكرية الذي لم يخضع لاي تأهيل عسكري ويحمل دكتوراه في الحقوق، في الثانية والثلاثين من العمر، هزم جيشا من 80 ألف رجل مع “ثواره الملتحين”، وأطاح بفولجنسيو باتيستا الرئيس المستبد الذي كان في السلطة.
وقال علي رودريجيز المقاتل السابق وسفير فنزويلا الحالي في كوبا، لوكالة “فرانس برس”، إن كاسترو وبتطبيقه “عقيدته العسكرية الخاصة”، تمكن من “تحويل مقاتلين في حرب عصابات إلى سلطة موازية، تضم هؤلاء المقاتلين ومنظمات سرية وشعبية”.
وبعدما أفشل المؤامرات التي دعمتها واشنطن، أرسل فيدل 386 ألف كوبي للقتال في أنجولا وإثيوبيا والجزائر. وبين 1958 و2000 نجا من 634 محاولة اغتيال، على حد قول الرئيس السابق للاستخبارات الكوبية فابيان إيسكالانتي.
وكان فيدل الذي لا يفارق مسدسه، يقول: “لنمت جميعا موتا طبيعيا، فإننا لا نريد أن يتقدم الموت لحظة واحدة”.
– رجل جذاب –
ميرسيدس جونزاليس، الكوبية التي تبلغ من العمر 59 عاما، لم تر “القائد الأعلى” عن قرب سوى مرتين، لكنها استسلمت “لجاذبية فيدل”. تقول: “أُعجبت به كثيرا، لم أستطع أن أمنع نفسي من النظر إليه والقول له: أحبك”.
وأثار مظهره كمقاتل وخطبه الطويلة إعجاب الجماهير، بما في ذلك النساء والسياسيين والفنانين.
وقال سالومون سوزي مؤلف كتاب “قاموس فكر فيدل كاسترو”، إنه “رسم لنفسه صورة عامة جذابة جدا”، تشكل “جزءا من أسطورة فيدل”. ورغم حيويته وانفتاحه، كان متحفظا فيما يتعلق بحياته الخاصة. وكل ما هو معروف عنه هو أنه تزوج مرتين ورزق بـ7 أبناء من 3 نساء. وهو يرى أن “الحياة الخاصة يجب الا تكون أداة للدعاية أو السياسة”.
– العدو –
تصفه المنشقة مارتا بياتريس روكي (71 عاما)، بأنه “مغرور وأناني ونرجسي”. وتضيف أن الذين تجرأوا على مقاومته عانوا “السجن والضرب والإقصاء”.
وخلال نصف قرن، تحدى فيدل كاسترو 11 رئيسا للولايات المتحدة، وحكم بقبضة من حديد، واتبع سياسة قمع حيال المعارضة، أدت إلى إدانة كوبا مرات عدة من قبل لجنة حقوق الإنسان في الأمم المتحدة (التي لم تعد موجودة حاليا).
في 1959 تمرد رفيق دربه القومندان أوبر ماتوس فحكم عليه بالسجن 20 عاما. وفي “الربيع الأسود” في 2003 سجن 75 منشقا، وأعدم 3 أشخاص رميا بالرصاص.
وقالت روكي إن كاسترو الذي رفض الدعوات للانفتاح، ووصف معارضيه بـ”المرتزقة”، سيبقى “ديكتاتورا”.
– الأسطورة –
عندما أعلن فيدل انتصار الثورة الكوبية في 1959، كانت طيور حمام تحيط به وحطت واحدة على كتفه. رأى أحدهم حينذاك إنها اشارة خارقة للطبيعة، ومنذ ذلك الحين لم تتوقف الخرافات.
وفي بلد تمتزج فيه المسيحية بديانات إفريقية، اعتقد الكوبيون أن فيدل تحميه “أوباتالا”، وهي أقوى آلهة “الأوريشا” في معتقدات شعب اليوروبا. حتى أن اعتقادا ساد بأنه كائن خالد إلى أن أصيب بمرض خطير في 2006.
وتلخص خبيرة الديانات الإفريقية ناتاليا بوليفار: “ربما لامسته الآلهة وكان لديه (الحظ والسلطة) كما يقال”. وشخصية “القائد” الراعي المخيفة والمحترمة، تهيمن على الجزيرة.
– مصدر وحي-
لا يمكن الحديث عن تاريخ القرن العشرين دون فيدل. في ستينيات القرن الماضي دعم حركات التمرد في الأرجنتين وبوليفيا ونيكاراجوا. وفي نهاية التسعينيات تبنى سياسة الفنزويلي هوجو تشافيز. واليوم تستضيف كوبا محادثات السلام بين حركة التمرد “القوات المسلحة الثورية الكولومبية” والحكومة الكولومبية.
وقال الرجل الثاني في قيادة حركة التمرد الكولومبي، إن ثورته “تثير الرغبة في الذهاب إلى الجبال وحمل بندقية لتغيير الأمور”. وأضاف أنه “بفضل كوبا تمكنا من تحقيق تقدم إلى هذا الحد. لم تنجح أي محاولة للسلام في كولومبيا من قبل”. وإلى جانب المقاتلين، صدر كاسترو “جيشا من الأطباء” إلى العالم.
– وهم –
في 2001 قال فيدل كاسترو “سيعودون” في وعد قطعه، لإعادة 5 عملاء كوبيين أوقفوا في الولايات المتحدة قبل ذلك بـ3 سنوات.
وقال رينيه جونزاليس أحد هؤلاء الكوبيين، الذين أفرجت عنهم واشنطن بين 2011 و2014: “عندما قال فيدل إنهم سيعودون، قال للشعب الكوبي: ستقومون بإعادتهم”، مشيرا إلى قدرة “القائد الأعلى” على نشر أفكاره وإن كان تحقيقها غير مرجح في بعض الأحيان.
وأقسم جونزاليس، على تحويل كوبا إلى “قوة طبية”، عندما لم يكن في البلاد سوى 3 آلاف طبيب، مقابل 88 ألفا حاليا، أي طبيب لكل 640 نسمة. لكن ذلك لم ينجح دائما. فرغم جهوده، لم يتمكن من إنتاج 10 ملايين طن من السكر في 1970، ولا استعادة جوانتانامو التي تخلت عنها كوبا للولايات المتحدة قبل أكثر من قرن.
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